12/21/2023 0 Comments Statplus ordinal regressionThird, country characteristics that facilitate the introduction ofīackground: Studies of country-level determinants of health have produced conflicting results even when theĪnalyses have been restricted to high-income counties. Second, the level of resources that are specifically related to healthĪnd welfare, like resources for health care as a percentage of GDP The level of general resources, like GDP per capita, and the distribution of these general resources, e.g. The effects of five groups of determinants were investigated: first, (PPP), current prices, <50% of the OECD average in 2010 andĮstonia, Iceland and Luxemburg due to small populations, <1.5 SixĬountries were excluded Chile, Mexico and Turkey due to Grossĭomestic Product (GDP) per capita, Purchasing power parity Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA. Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Twenty-eight countries were included: Australia, Austria,īelgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Period or birth weight) in the period 1990–2012 were obtained from With historical levels of the IMR taken into account.ĭata on the IMR (living born, no minimum threshold of gestation The aim of the study was to investigate, with multiple regressionĪnalyses, the effect of country characteristics on the rate of improvement in the IMR in OECD countries over the period 1990–2012, Influence of current exposures from historical aspects. Of further improvement, and have no effects on the historical levels Country characteristics might be expected to affect the rate Nevertheless, when improvements have been made, they usually In France.17,18 Also, the causes might lie in other advances. Rates in the 19th century that were improved earlier in Sweden than The Swedish advantage might possibly be ascribed to breastfeeding The IMR curve seemed to have resumed the pre-war rate of decline. Since then, although it diminished after about 1960. Thus, Sweden developed anĪdvantage over the period 1850–1900. To improve in Sweden, but in France there was no indication ofĪn improvement until about 1900. The development of the IMR in two countries withĪvailable historical data, France and Sweden, during the periodġ830–2008 will illustrate this, see Figure 1. Regidor et al.11 and Bremberg16 have suggested that a part ofĬountry IMR differences might be the result of previous progress Of countries, or by the time periods that have been analyzed. It.10 Further, the effect of welfare regime seems to be contradictory.6,14,15 The different outcomes in these studies cannot readilyīe explained by the statistical methods employed, by the selection Has also been shown either to decrease the IMR,4,5,11 or not to affect IMR5,7,8,11 or not to affect it.4,10,12, 13 Public expenditure on health Outcome.8–10 Inequality of income has been shown to increase the Thus, the wealth of a nation, assessed as per capita GDP, hasīeen shown either to decrease the IMR4–7 or not to affect this Restricted to the IMR in high-income countries have produced conflicting results. Political and welfare-state variables.3,4 Yet, even analyses that are Infant mortality rate (IMR) seems to be particularly sensitive to The outcomes studied, and the group of countries selected. Have been contradictory, which might partly be due to the nature of The effects of such country characteristics can only be Increased resources.1,2 Progress has been more marked in someĬountries than in others, which might be due to varying levels andĭistributions of resources, and varying rates of introduction of innovations. Hopment seems generally to be caused by innovations and Tel: +46 706899753, Fax: 08-32 83 30, is improving at a fast rate in most countries. Health Agency of Sweden, Färgargårdstorget 52, 116 43 Stockholm, Sweden. Bremberg, Department of Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and Public Mortality rate is mainly determined by previous historyĭepartment of Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm,Ĭorrespondence: Sven G. The rate of country-level improvements of the infant Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access published April 30, 2016
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |